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He was dedeifiedat the end of the “cultural revolution” (196676), butMao Zedong continues to be worshipped in some remote parts of China.迷你倉Wang Jiaquan and Li Huaiyan from Xinhua report. In the largely Buddhist hamlet of Man’en, New China’s founderMao Zedong is a god as revered as any other.Most of the ethnic Dai villagers keep a small shrine ofMao in their homes, despite the “great helmsman” being dedeified after the end of the “cultural revolution” (196676). A large portrait of ChairmanMao hangs in the living room of Ai Pa, with a smaller image of a senior Myanmar monk by its side. This arrangementwas a suggestion from the Buddhist clergyman, who presidedover aprayer service forAiPa’s newhouse in 2000. When Ai Pa requested a portrait of the monk to be used as a “home guardian” after the ceremony, the monk insisted his image be placed in a subordinate position to that of Mao, saying that Mao was the real savior and guardian of the ethnic Dai people. Loving everything about Mao, from his quotations to the passionate red songs, Ai Pa remains a loyal Mao fan even though his family suffered during his rule. AiPa’s familywasclassifiedas landlords during the land reform in the 1950s,andhis father fledtoneighboringMyanmaronlyafewdaysafterhis birth in 1957 in fear of penalties as denouncement campaigns against landlords swept Menghai county in XishuangbannainSouthwestChina’s Yunnan province. As thedescendantofalandlord,Ai Pa faced discrimination growing up. He was rejected when he registered to join the People’s Liberation Army. Indeed, Ai Pa does think his familywaswronged. “My ancestorswere all poor peasants. It was not until my grandpa reclaimed some wasteland that our family began to own some paddy fields and hire a few laborers,” he says. However, the adversities did not make Ai Pa resentful. “A Buddhist should not hold a grudge or grievance,” says the 56yearold. He says he admires Mao because the late leader was aman who truly wanted to do good for the people, and he appreciates the values of equality that emerged in the Mao era. Most villagers owned no land before the land reformin Xishuangbanna, and a feudal lord claimed ownership of all land. Peasants had to shoulder the heavy burden of taxation, according toHeMing, an ethnic studies professor at Yunnan University in Kunming. Ai Pa says that when he was a child, older people in the village told him that Mao was like the Monkey King in the traditional Chinese fairy tale of Journey to theWest, who was invincible andwas commissionedby heaventobringfairnessandequality to theworld. Mao’s timeless appeal Three decades intoChina’s reform andopeningupdrive, Man’en, along withmany other remote villages,has witnessed drastic economic and social transformation. Satellite television broadcasts, mobile phones, motorcycles, cars, highways and the Internet have shortened the distance between the village and the outside world. And yetMao has remained on a pedestal in the hamlet of more than 6,000 villagers. AMao portrait bought in Beijing is regarded as a very precious souvenir for localvillagers,whileMao’smausoleumisamustseeontheir first tripto thenational capital, saysAiPa,whois also chief ofMan’en village. Like Ai Pa and his fellowvillagers, the ethnic Blang people in Jiliang, another village with a population of more than 2,000 in Menghai, also celebrateMao. They print his image onglazedbricks onthe outsidewalls of their newhomes. These ethnic minority hamlets are not isolated cases. A survey by the Horizon Research Consultancy Group in 2008 in 40 Chinese cities and towns, including Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou, showed that 11.2 percent of respondents enshrine Mao Zedong at home, a higher number than thosewhoworship Buddha, the god ofwealth, and other gods. Huang Jisu, sociologist, playwright and cultural critic, saysMao worship is a complicated phenomenon strongly linked to social background and personal experiences. However, Huang doesn’t believe there is a geographical, age or social class division in regard to people’s attitude towardMao. Huang says, there are also Mao fans in big cities like Beijing and Shanghai, while some young people in universities also admire him. Huang also notes that it is not unusual for entrepreneurs and millionaires to admireMao. However, Huang stresses that admiration forMao does not necessarilymean the admirerswant to go back to theMao era. “It’s qui自存倉e natural for Mao, such a greatman, to have admirers. Just as pop stars can have so many fans, why not Mao?” says 58yearold Huang, a researcher with the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences in Beijing. Ordinary people psychologically need a great person to hold in high esteem, Huang says, and Mao has filled — and continues to fill — that need. InHuang’s view, the greatest good thatMao did for the nationwas lead the Chinese revolution, which ended the nation’s survival crisis that had lasted a century. Both Sun Yatsen and Chiang Kaishek failed to lead the nation out of that crisis, and Mao was an unrivaled great man of his century, Huang says. Passion through the lens SunDahong, a photographerwho has published an albumofMao fans of many ethnicities, argues that the modern passion for Mao has nothing to dowith a personality cult. “It’s not a political fervor that creates blind followers like those during the ‘cultural revolution’, but a kind of spontaneous affection or emotion that has sprouted at the grassroots and passed from generation to generation,” says Sun, a former provincial deputy police chief of Yunnan. Sun cites the example of an ethnic Hani herbstore owner in Kunming hemet when working on the album. The middleaged man has kept a Mao portrait for 30 years that he inherited from his grandfather, previously a headman who was invited to Beijing and met Mao after liberation. The man moved to Kunming from Pu’er for business 18 years ago, and now the Mao portrait hangs in his herb store. “I always take it with me wherever I go,” the man told Sun. Sun says he has witnessed much Mao worship among ethnicminoriA woman of the Yao ethnic group does needlework at home in Yaozhai village in Yuanyang county, Yunnan province, with a Mao portrait on the wall. ties. As a police officer, he has been to many areas of Yunnan, home to 25 ethnic minority groups, and he often seesMao’s image in the homes of local people, sometimes alongside their ancestors’ shrines. The idea of shooting an album of Mao fans occurred to Sunwhen, during the Lantern Festival in February 2011, he photographed three old womeninChengjiang countyofYunnan talking merrily under a portrait ofMao. His collection of more than 90 photoswas exhibited in Beijing from Dec 22 to 28 to celebrate the 120th anniversary of Mao’s birth. He says that through his photos he would like to sharewith people of all ethnic groups a feeling of affection, respect and admiration for New China’s founding father. Sun spent nearly three years traveling across Yunnan and other parts of the country to capture the images, which cover Mao’s admirers from all the 56 ethnic groups, including the fishing tribe of Hezhe people in the northernmost Heilongjiang province and the Muslim Tatars in farflung Xinjiang in the west. Sun reveals that it wasmore than a journey for art but also aprocess of soul searching. “There have always been concerns that today’s society is one without belief, but I have rediscovered it among the ordinary people. Mao worship is an instinctive expressionof their emotionand perhaps even reflects a higher level of spiritual need,” Sun says. “To his worshipers, Chairman Mao stands for auspice and victory, represents social justice and is a man that leads them to common wealth. So they believe in, respect and love Chairman Mao,” Sun says. Also aMao fan, Sun is not dissimilar to Ai Pa, in that his family also suffered under Mao’s rule. Sun’s mother, a provincial cadre in Yunnan, was persecuted to deathduring the “cultural revolution”, when Sun and his younger brother were both in Shanxi province receiving reeducation fromlocal peasants. Hismother’s death has been a lingering anguish but Sun has never blamed or hated Chairman Mao. After all, he says, blame for personal grievances shouldnot all go to a policymaker. As forMao’s errors, a controversial topic, Sun would like to quote a man he met in Dehong, an autonomous prefecture of ethnic Dai and Jingpo, when shooting his album: “Chairman Mao’s contributions andmerits are like amajesticmountain, but his faults can bemeasured in just a handful of earth.” Huang Jisu agrees thatMao’smistakes should be placed under critical analysis, but he argues that criticism should be based on facts instead of rumors or slander. “For such an epochmaking man, he is always a giant, nomatter what the comments are, be it praise or censure,”Huang says. 迷你倉出租